System Requirements Document

1. Introduction

This System Requirements Document (SRD) defines the requirements for the Pertemuan 6–7 presentation deliverable for the Proyek Teori Ekonomi Mikro 1 course project carried out by Kelompok 4, covering the report titled "Laporan Pertemuan 6–7: 'Bedah' Produksi dan Biaya".

The deliverable is a PowerPoint (PPT) presentation deck that communicates the production theory and production cost analysis of iced coffee (Es Kopi) sold by the object business Coffee Kampus UNM.

Source material for this SRD:

• The uploaded report document (Parsed content of the Pertemuan 6–7 report).
• Explicit user instruction in chat: "Buatkan ppt sesuai tema dan tidak kentara buatan ai dan juga kreatif" (produce a PPT that matches the theme, does not look obviously AI-generated, and is creative).

This SRD defines only the deck and its content/design requirements. It does not describe a software application, backend service, or data system.

2. System Overview

The system is a single, self-contained, theme-driven presentation deck that converts the Pertemuan 6–7 economics report into an engaging slide narrative.

The deck must:

• Present production theory content (Pertemuan 6): input identification, labor, capital, production process map, and fixed/variable input classification.
• Present cost analysis content (Pertemuan 7): simulation assumptions, Fixed Cost (FC), Variable Cost (VC), Total Cost (TC), Average Cost (AC), Marginal Cost (MC), law of diminishing marginal return, isoquant, isocost, and the cost function.
• Present the report's interpretation of results (Interpretasi Hasil).
• Follow a coherent coffee-themed visual identity ("sesuai tema").
• Be creative and not detectable as AI-generated ("tidak kentara buatan ai").
• Be deliverable and readable in a classroom presentation context.

The deck is a static artifact. There is no runtime application layer, no user accounts, and no interactive software system beyond standard slide navigation.

3. Functional Requirements

Identity & Framing Slides

FR-01 — Cover slide As a Kelompok 4 member, I want a cover slide that identifies the project, the Pertemuan 6–7 topic ("Bedah Produksi dan Biaya"), and the Kelompok 4 authorship, so that the deck is immediately recognized as the required academic deliverable.

FR-02 — Anggota kelompok roster slide As a Kelompok 4 member, I want a dedicated ANGGOTA KELOMPOK slide listing all four group members with their names and student IDs (Alvin Efraim Bumbungan – 250904501056, Muhammad Ihsan – 250904501076, Muh. Fauzil Adhim – 250904501070, Zulkifli – 250904500034), so that attribution is explicit and complete.

FR-03 — Object identity slide (Coffee Kampus UNM / Es Kopi) As a Kelompok 4 member, I want the object (Coffee Kampus UNM) and product (Es Kopi) stated explicitly on the opening slides, so that the scope of the analysis is unambiguous from the start.

FR-04 — Pendahuluan slide As a content contributor, I want a Pendahuluan slide that states Pertemuan 6 focuses on production theory (fixed input, variable input, labor, capital, output, and the production process map) and Pertemuan 7 focuses on production cost analysis (FC, VC, TC, AC, MC), so that the audience understands the structure of the discussion.

FR-05 — Tujuan slide As a content contributor, I want a Tujuan slide that states the report's objectives: identifying production factors for Es Kopi, distinguishing fixed input from variable input, explaining the relationship between input, production process, and output, and understanding/calculating production cost structure (FC, VC, TC, AC, MC), so that the audience knows what the analysis sets out to achieve.

FR-06 — Identitas Objek slide As a content contributor, I want an Identitas Objek slide covering business name (Coffee Kampus UNM), product (Es Kopi), location (Lingkungan Universitas Negeri Makassar / UNM), activity (production and sales of beverages), and reference price (Rp13.000/cup), so that the object under analysis is clearly defined.

Production Theory — Pertemuan 6

FR-07 — Production input definition slide As a content contributor, I want a slide explaining that production input is any resource used to produce goods, so that the audience starts from the correct definition.

FR-08 — In produksi Es Kopi, input dapat berupa bahan baku, tenaga kerja, modal, dan tempat usaha As a content contributor, I want a slide stating that dalam produksi Es Kopi, input dapat berupa bahan baku, tenaga kerja, modal atau peralatan, dan tempat usaha, so that the input categories for this specific product are explicitly listed.

FR-09 — Fixed input: tempat usaha As a content contributor, I want to present tempat usaha as a fixed input with its function (production and sales location), so that the audience sees which resources stay constant in the short run.

FR-10 — Fixed input: peralatan utama As a content contributor, I want to present peralatan utama (main equipment) as a fixed input whose function is to support the production process, so that the fixed component of capital is shown.

FR-11 — Variable input: bahan baku As a content contributor, I want to present bahan baku (raw materials) as a variable input that is processed into Es Kopi, so that the variable component of input is shown.

FR-12 — Variable input: kemasan As a content contributor, I want to present kemasan (packaging) as a variable input used according to the number of products produced, so that variable input behavior is illustrated.

FR-13 — Tenaga kerja: pekerja/penjual input slide As a content contributor, I want to present pekerja/penjual (worker/seller) as the labor input whose function is to make the product and serve consumers, so that the labor input entry is explicitly captured.

FR-14 — Modal: peralatan dan perlengkapan input slide As a content contributor, I want to present modal as covering peralatan dan perlengkapan that support production activities, so that the capital input entry is explicitly captured.

FR-15 — Short-run input combination explanation slide As a content contributor, I want a slide explaining that production requires a combination of inputs; in the short run, place and main equipment can be treated as fixed, while raw materials and working-hour requirements can be adjusted to the level of production, so that the fixed/variable distinction is grounded in the short-run context.

FR-16 — Tenaga Kerja slide: tenaga kerja dapat menyiapkan bahan As a content contributor, I want a Tenaga Kerja slide stating that tenaga kerja dapat menyiapkan bahan, so that the material-preparation role of labor is explicitly documented.

FR-17 — Tenaga Kerja slide: membuat minuman As a content contributor, I want the Tenaga Kerja slide to state that labor membuat minuman, so that the beverage-making role of labor is explicitly documented.

FR-18 — Tenaga Kerja slide: menyiapkan pesanan As a content contributor, I want the Tenaga Kerja slide to state that labor menyiapkan pesanan, so that the order-preparation role of labor is explicitly documented.

FR-19 — Tenaga Kerja slide: melayani konsumen As a content contributor, I want the Tenaga Kerja slide to state that labor melayani konsumen, so that the customer-service role of labor is explicitly documented.

FR-20 — Tenaga Kerja slide: menjaga kegiatan usaha As a content contributor, I want the Tenaga Kerja slide to state that labor menjaga kegiatan usaha, so that the operational-maintenance role of labor is explicitly documented.

FR-21 — Tenaga Kerja variability slide As a content contributor, I want the Tenaga Kerja slide to explain that working-hour needs can change when production activity changes, so that labor is understood as a variable factor over the short run.

FR-22 — Modal slide As a content contributor, I want a Modal slide explaining that capital covers equipment and supplies that help the production process, and noting that the actual type, quantity, and value of capital must be obtained through observation or interviews so it is not equated with simulation assumptions, so that the audience understands capital is documented separately from simulation data.

FR-23 — Peta Proses Produksi slide As a content contributor, I want a Peta Proses Produksi slide showing the stages Input → Persiapan → Proses → Penyajian → Output, each with its activity and result, plus the summary transformation "Bahan baku + tenaga kerja + modal/peralatan + tempat → persiapan dan pengolahan → Es Kopi siap dijual", so that the transformation of input into output is visible.

FR-24 — Input stage detail (bahan baku, tenaga kerja, modal, tempat) As a content contributor, I want the Input stage of the process map to list bahan baku, tenaga kerja, modal, and tempat with the result "kebutuhan produksi tersedia", so that the starting resources of the process map are explicitly shown.

FR-25 — Persiapan stage detail (menyiapkan bahan dan peralatan) As a content contributor, I want the Persiapan stage to describe menyiapkan bahan dan peralatan with the result "bahan dan alat siap", so that the preparation step is explicit.

FR-26 — Proses stage detail (mengolah bahan menjadi minuman) As a content contributor, I want the Proses stage to describe mengolah bahan menjadi minuman with the result "Es Kopi dihasilkan", so that the processing step is explicit.

FR-27 — Penyajian stage detail (menyiapkan produk untuk konsumen) As a content contributor, I want the Penyajian stage to describe menyiapkan produk untuk konsumen with the result "produk siap dijual", so that the serving step is explicit.

FR-28 — Output stage detail (produk ditawarkan kepada konsumen) As a content contributor, I want the Output stage to describe produk ditawarkan kepada konsumen with the result "Es Kopi sebagai output", so that the output step is explicit.

FR-29 — Fixed vs. variable input grouping As a content contributor, I want a Pengelompokan Input slide that groups fixed inputs (tempat usaha — not directly changing with output in the short run; peralatan utama — capacity relatively fixed during the analysis period) and variable inputs (bahan baku — quantity follows the production level; kemasan — need follows the number of products; tenaga kerja/jam kerja — adjustable with production activity), with the explanation that classification depends on the analysis period (what is fixed in the short run can change in the long run), so that the theoretical distinction is applied concretely.

Cost Analysis — Pertemuan 7

FR-30 — Simulation data assumption slide As a content contributor, I want a slide listing the simulation assumptions (fixed cost Rp100.000 per period, labor cost Rp20.000 per hour, material cost Rp5.000 per unit of input) together with an explicit disclaimer that these figures are for simulation only and are not actual financial data of the business, so that the simulated nature of the numbers is unambiguous.

FR-31 — Fixed Cost (FC) definition slide As a content contributor, I want an FC slide defining fixed cost as cost assumed not to change directly when output changes in the short run, so that the concept is clearly defined before its table.

FR-32 — Fixed Cost (FC) table slide As a content contributor, I want the FC slide to contain the simulation table (0/20/40/60/80 cups, each at FC Rp100.000) and the explanation that FC stays at all output levels because in the simulation it does not depend directly on the number of cups, so that constant cost behavior is demonstrated.

FR-33 — Variable Cost (VC) definition slide As a content contributor, I want a VC slide defining variable cost as cost that changes with the use of variable inputs, so that the concept is clearly defined.

FR-34 — Variable Cost (VC) table slide As a content contributor, I want the VC slide to contain the simulation table (output, working hours, labor cost, material cost, VC: 20→Rp30.000, 40→Rp60.000, 60→Rp90.000, 80→Rp120.000) and the explanation that VC rises as production rises because labor and raw material needs also rise, so that variable cost behavior is demonstrated.

FR-35 — Total Cost (TC) slide As a content contributor, I want a TC slide containing the formula TC = FC + VC, the simulation table (TC Rp130.000 / Rp160.000 / Rp190.000 / Rp220.000 for 20/40/60/80 cups), and the explanation that TC is the combination of fixed and variable costs and rises as production increases, so that total cost is understood.

FR-36 — Average Cost (AC) formula and table slide As a content contributor, I want an AC slide containing the formula AC = TC / Q and the simulation table (AC Rp6.500 / Rp4.000 / Rp3.167 / Rp2.750 per cup for 20/40/60/80 cups), so that the computation of average cost per cup is shown.

FR-37 — AC menunjukkan biaya rata-rata per cup As a content contributor, I want the AC slide to state that AC menunjukkan biaya rata-rata untuk menghasilkan satu cup, so that the meaning of average cost is explicitly communicated.

FR-38 — AC decline explanation slide As a content contributor, I want the AC slide to explain that in the simulation AC falls as output rises because the same fixed cost is spread over more output, so that the behavior of average cost is explicitly illustrated.

FR-39 — Marginal Cost (MC) formula and table slide As a content contributor, I want an MC slide containing the formula MC = ΔTC / ΔQ and the simulation table (20→40, 40→60, 60→80 each with ΔTC Rp30.000 and MC Rp1.500/cup), so that the incremental cost calculation is shown.

FR-40 — dan MC menunjukkan biaya tambahan akibat tambahan output As a content contributor, I want the MC slide to state that MC menunjukkan tambahan biaya yang diperlukan ketika output bertambah, so that the meaning of marginal cost is explicitly communicated.

FR-41 — Marginal Cost worked-example slide As a content contributor, I want the MC slide to include the worked example that in the simulation an extra 20 cups adds Rp30.000 to TC, giving an MC of Rp1.500 per cup, so that the concept is demonstrated numerically.

FR-42 — Law of Diminishing Marginal Return definition slide As a content contributor, I want a slide defining the law of diminishing marginal return (adding one variable input while others are held fixed eventually reduces the additional output), so that the concept is explained.

FR-43 — Law of Diminishing Marginal Return table slide As a content contributor, I want the diminishing return slide to contain the simulation table (labor 1–6 producing 20, 45, 65, 80, 90, 96 cups with marginal products 20, 25, 20, 15, 10, 6), so that the concept is demonstrated numerically.

FR-44 — Diminishing return interpretation line slide As a content contributor, I want the diminishing return slide to explain that the additional output from the 2nd worker is still 25 cups while the 6th worker adds only 6 cups, showing that additional returns shrink after a certain point, so that the interpretation is explicit.

FR-45 — Isoquant definition slide As a content contributor, I want an isoquant slide defining isoquant as the various combinations of two inputs that can produce the same level of output, so that the concept is clearly defined.

FR-46 — Isoquant table slide As a content contributor, I want the isoquant slide to contain the simulation table showing different labor (L) and material (M) combinations achieving the same target output, so that the concept of equal-output input combinations is illustrated.

FR-47 — Isoquant disclaimer slide As a content contributor, I want the isoquant slide to note that this data is a simulation, not the result of actual measurement, so that the boundary between theory and reality is preserved.

FR-48 — Isocost definition slide As a content contributor, I want an isocost slide defining isocost as the combinations of inputs that can be used with the same total cost, so that the concept is clearly defined.

FR-49 — Isocost budget equation slide As a content contributor, I want the isocost slide to show the budget equation 100.000 = 20.000L + 5.000M based on labor cost Rp20.000/hour and material cost Rp5.000/unit, so that the budget constraint is mathematically expressed.

FR-50 — Isocost table slide As a content contributor, I want the isocost slide to contain the simulation table (L=0,M=20 through L=5,M=0, each at total cost Rp100.000), so that equal-cost input combinations are illustrated.

FR-51 — Isocost trade-off explanation slide As a content contributor, I want the isocost slide to explain that all combinations have the same cost, and that if labor use increases, material use must decrease to stay within the same budget, so that the trade-off is understood.

FR-52 — Fungsi Biaya slide As a content contributor, I want a Fungsi Biaya slide presenting the general form TC(Q) = FC + VC(Q), stating that in the simulation FC = Rp100.000 and VC changes with input usage, so that the cost function is understood in general form.

FR-53 — Cost function rebuild notation slide As a content contributor, I want the Fungsi Biaya slide to note that a more specific cost function should be rebuilt once the group obtains actual cost data from Coffee Kampus UNM, so that the provisional nature of the function is explicit.

Interpretation & Follow-up

FR-54 — Interpretasi Hasil: transformation slide As a content contributor, I want an Interpretasi Hasil slide stating that Es Kopi production is a process of transforming various inputs into output, so that the overall interpretation is clearly communicated.

FR-55 — Interpretasi Hasil: fixed vs. variable designation slide As a content contributor, I want the Interpretasi Hasil slide to state that the place and some equipment can be treated as fixed inputs in the short run, while raw materials and working hours are variable inputs, so that the classification conclusion is summarized.

FR-56 — Interpretasi Hasil: cost structure summary slide As a content contributor, I want the Interpretasi Hasil slide to summarize that FC is constant, VC rises with production, TC = FC + VC, AC is the average cost per cup, and MC is the additional cost from additional output, so that the cost findings are consolidated.

FR-57 — Interpretasi Hasil: diminishing return finding slide As a content contributor, I want the Interpretasi Hasil slide to state that the simulation shows diminishing marginal return when additional labor produces smaller additional output, so that the finding is documented.

FR-58 — Interpretasi Hasil: isoquant and isocost conclusion slide As a content contributor, I want the Interpretasi Hasil slide to explain that isoquant shows alternative input combinations to reach a given output level and isocost shows input combinations achievable with the same budget, and that both help explain producer decisions under limited resources, so that the closing conclusion is complete.

FR-59 — Actual data follow-up notation slide As a content contributor, I want the deck to explicitly flag that actual capital data must be obtained through observation or interview, that simulation figures are not to be treated as actual business financial data, and that specific cost functions should be rebuilt once actual data is obtained, so that the boundary between simulation and reality is preserved in the presentation.

Presentation Experience (Chat-Derived Requirements)

FR-60 — Theme adherence As the requester, I want the entire deck to follow a consistent theme aligned with the project subject (Es Kopi / Coffee Kampus UNM), so that the presentation feels thematically coherent ("sesuai tema").

FR-61 — Non-AI appearance As the requester, I want the deck to avoid a look that is obviously AI-generated (no generic AI-template layouts, no tell-tale stock gradients, no repetitive machine-generated phrasing), so that the deliverable feels human-authored and credible.

FR-62 — Creativity As the requester, I want the deck to be creative in its layout, visual treatment, and content presentation, so that it stands out as an original and engaging class presentation.

4. User Personas

Persona 1 — Content Author (Kelompok 4 Member)

• Role: Builds the deck from the Pertemuan 6–7 report.
• Responsibilities: Enters content and tables, selects the coffee theme, ensures simulation disclaimer is visible, keeps terminology faithful to the report.
• Accepted workflow: Authoring/editing the deck, arranging slides, checking consistency.

Persona 2 — Presenter (Kelompok 4 Member)

• Role: Delivers the deck in front of the class.
• Responsibilities: Runs the slide sequence, narrates production theory and cost analysis, points to tables/charts, handles questions from the evaluator.
• Accepted workflow: Full-screen slide delivery with build/reveal of tables.

External Recipient (not an operator): Dosen Penguji / Audience

• The evaluator and classmates view the deck (live or as a submitted file). They receive and assess the presentation; they do not operate the deck or author content. No separate workflow or access control is required.

5. Core User Flows

Flow A — Building the Deck (Content Author)

1. Open the presentation tool and create a new 16:9 deck.
2. Apply the coffee-themed visual identity (palette, typography, texture).
3. Create the cover slide (project title, Pertemuan 6–7 topic, Kelompok 4).
4. Add the ANGGOTA KELOMPOK roster (members + NIM) and object identity (Coffee Kampus UNM, Es Kopi).
5. Add Pendahuluan, Tujuan, and Identitas Objek slides.
6. Add production theory slides: input definition, input categories for Es Kopi, fixed inputs (tempat usaha, peralatan utama), variable inputs (bahan baku, kemasan), the labor roles slides, Modal, and the short-run input combination explanation.
7. Add the Peta Proses Produksi (Input, Persiapan, Proses, Penyajian, Output) and Pengelompokan Input slides.
8. Add the simulation assumptions slide with disclaimer.
9. Add FC, VC, TC, AC, MC slides with their formulas, tables, and interpretation lines.
10. Add the diminishing marginal return, isoquant, and isocost slides (with disclaimers).
11. Add the Fungsi Biaya slide and its rebuild notation.
12. Add the Interpretasi Hasil slides and the actual-data follow-up notation.
13. Review for theme consistency, creativity, and absence of AI-obvious artifacts.
14. Export as PPT.

Flow B — Presenting the Deck (Presenter)

1. Open the exported deck in slide-show mode.
2. Present the cover, ANGGOTA KELOMPOK, and object identity.
3. Walk through Pendahuluan and Tujuan.
4. Present production theory: inputs, the four Es Kopi input categories, labor roles, capital, process map, fixed/variable grouping.
5. Present cost analysis: assumptions → FC → VC → TC → AC → MC.
6. Present diminishing marginal return, isoquant, and isocost.
7. Present the cost function and Interpretasi Hasil.
8. Answer the evaluator's questions, referencing the simulation disclaimer where relevant.

Flow C — Revising with Actual Data (Future Iteration)

1. Obtain actual capital and cost data from Coffee Kampus UNM via observation/interview.
2. Replace simulated figures on the FC/VC/TC/AC/MC slides.
3. Rebuild the specific cost function TC(Q) = FC + VC(Q) with actual values.
4. Update Fungsi Biaya and Interpretasi Hasil accordingly.

6. Visuals, Colors, and Theme

The source does not prescribe a palette, so a restrained, domain-derived coffee theme is defined:

• Theme: Coffee shop / warung kopi / coffee-sachet aesthetic suited to an Es Kopi case study.
• Primary color: Espresso brown — #3B2A20.
• Secondary color: Coffee brown — #6F4E37.
• Accent color: Caramel/amber — #C68A3E (used for highlights, chart bars, section markers).
• Background: Warm cream / kraft — #F5F0E1.
• Neutral text: Deep charcoal — #2B2B2B.
• Typography: A friendly humanist sans-serif for body text paired with a hand-lettered or script accent font for slide headings, to reinforce the non-AI, human-authored feel.
• Textures: Subtle kraft-paper grain, hand-drawn coffee beans, and steam motifs used sparingly.
• Contrast: Body text must keep high contrast against the cream background for projector legibility.

7. Signature Design Concept

Concept name: "Kemasan Kopi" (Coffee Sachet Deck)

The deck is designed as if each slide were a coffee-sachet or kraft label from a local coffee shop:

• Section dividers resemble coffee packets with a stamped/labeled header.
• The ANGGOTA KELOMPOK roster is styled like a shop's staff card or order ticket.
• Each data table is framed like a menu board or a price tag hanging in a warung.
• Formulas (TC = FC + VC, AC = TC/Q, MC = ΔTC/ΔQ) are presented as hand-written "nota" annotations rather than sterile equation boxes.
• Small hand-drawn illustrations (steam, cup, beans, grinder) carry the visual narrative.
• The result reads as a student-crafted, coffee-shop-themed presentation rather than a template-driven deck.

8. Interaction Model & Motion Direction

• Navigation model: Standard linear slide progression, with section divider slides separating "Pertemuan 6 – Teori Produksi" from "Pertemuan 7 – Analisis Biaya".
• Reveal behavior: Tables, formulas, and interpretation lines are revealed on click so the presenter can narrate each row or term before it appears.
• Motion direction: Subtle, restrained transitions only — a soft cross-fade or a gentle "pour"-style wipe between sections. No flashy or automated AI-style motion.
• Consistency: One transition style and one reveal style are used throughout to appear deliberately designed, not auto-generated.
• Fallback: All reveal animations degrade gracefully to static slides if delivered as a plain file.

9. Non-Functional Requirements

• Faithfulness: All terminology, figures, formulas, and tables must match the Pertemuan 6–7 report exactly (FC Rp100.000; VC Rp30.000–Rp120.000; TC Rp130.000–Rp220.000; AC Rp6.500–Rp2.750; MC Rp1.500/cup; labor/output 1–6 → 20–96 cups; isoquant and isocost values as reported; price Rp13.000/cup).
• Simulation disclosure: The deck must clearly state that cost figures are simulation data, not actual business financial data.
• Legibility: Text and tables must be readable from the back of a classroom on a projector.
• Consistency: One coherent visual language across all slides (colors, fonts, spacing, iconography).
• Non-AI appearance: Must avoid recognizably AI-generated layout patterns and phrasing.
• Editability: The deck must remain editable in standard presentation software.
• File compatibility: Deliverable must render correctly in common presentation software without missing fonts or broken layout.
• Completeness: Every section of the report (ANGGOTA KELOMPOK, Pendahuluan, Tujuan, Identitas Objek, production theory, cost analysis, Interpretasi Hasil) must appear.
• Language: Content presented in Indonesian, matching the report and the user's request.

10. Tech Stack

The accepted delivery shape is a static presentation deck, so only presentation-authoring layers are required:

• Authoring tool (default): Microsoft PowerPoint (primary) or Google Slides / Canva as alternatives (PPT/.pptx deliverable).
• Data visuals: Native slide tables and simple charts rendered directly from the report's tables (FC, VC, TC, AC, MC, diminishing marginal return, isoquant, isocost).
• Typography: Embedded fonts so the hand-lettered accent and body fonts render correctly on the presenting machine.
• Texture/illustration assets: Lightweight image or vector assets for the coffee theme.

No backend, database, authentication, API, or application layer is required for this deliverable.

11. Assumptions and Constraints

• The report's cost figures are simulation data because actual production cost details from Coffee Kampus UNM were not yet available; they do not represent real financials.
• Actual capital data (type, quantity, value) still requires observation or interview, and the specific cost function should be rebuilt once actual data is obtained.
• The object is Coffee Kampus UNM (Lingkungan Universitas Negeri Makassar) and the product is Es Kopi.
• The deliverable belongs to a group project (Kelompok 4, four members) and must support a classroom presentation setting.
• The deck must remain faithful to the Pertemuan 6–7 scope and must not introduce unsupported financial claims.
• The user requires the deck to match the theme, be creative, and not appear obviously AI-generated.

12. Glossary

• Fixed input — A production resource that does not change directly with output in the short run (e.g., tempat usaha, peralatan utama).
• Variable input — A production resource whose quantity follows the level of production (e.g., bahan baku, kemasan, tenaga kerja/jam kerja).
• Tenaga kerja (labor) — The human production factor performing preparation (menyiapkan bahan), beverage making (membuat minuman), order handling (menyiapkan pesanan), customer service (melayani konsumen), and operational upkeep (menjaga kegiatan usaha).
• Modal (capital) — Equipment and supplies (peralatan dan perlengkapan) supporting production.
• FC (Fixed Cost) — Cost assumed not to change directly with output in the short run (simulated at Rp100.000 per period).
• VC (Variable Cost) — Cost that changes with variable input usage (simulated Rp30.000–Rp120.000).
• TC (Total Cost) — FC + VC.
• AC (Average Cost) — TC / Q, the average cost per cup.
• MC (Marginal Cost) — ΔTC / ΔQ, the additional cost of additional output.
• Law of Diminishing Marginal Return — The principle that adding more of one variable input while others stay fixed eventually yields smaller additional output.
• Isoquant — Combinations of two inputs producing the same output level.
• Isocost — Combinations of inputs obtainable with the same total budget.
• Fungsi Biaya (Cost Function) — The relationship between production cost and output level, expressed as TC(Q) = FC + VC(Q).
• Peta Proses Produksi — The input → preparation → process → serving → output transformation map.
• ANGGOTA KELOMPOK — The member roster of Kelompok 4.